Contributors to the risk of NTM infection in pwCF include impaired mucociliary clearance, structural lung disease (bronchiectasis), and the impact of mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein on NTM host response (e.g., impaired neutrophil and macrophage function, which are essential for responding to bacterial infections and can serve as a replication site for NTM) [26–31]. Here, CFTR is linked to bronchiectasis.