This study used single-cell RNA sequencing and B cell receptor profile (BCR) analysis to analyze the immune components in peripheral blood of patients and healthy individuals with TAO, providing comprehensive insights into the molecular regulation and cell remodeling of the active phase of TAO at the single-cell level, in order to explore the pathogenesis of TAO and provide new ideas for the future treatment of TAO. This evidence concerns the gene BCR and thromboangiitis obliterans.