TNF and neoplasm: CLA mixture supplementation has also been associated with a reduction in the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, C-reactive protein, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-9, and MMP-2, suggesting that CLA may reduce angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and inflammation in rectal cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy.47