AIF1 and proximal spinal muscular atrophy: In our study, LPS systemic administration was strongly correlated with an increase in CNS pro-inflammatory microglia and astrocytes (defined as Iba-1+iNOS+ and GFAP +C3+ cells, respectively), and this effect, although present in both SMNΔ7 and control mice, was more prominent for mice with experimental SMA compared to control mice.