Our own studies indicated that additional inflammatory activation of endothelial cells beyond that, which is triggered by high lipoprotein/cholesterol levels on an ApoE-deficient background after feeding a high-fat diet, aggravates and accelerates the atherosclerotic process—and that this is even true when the endothelial activation is initiated at a later stage when atherosclerosis is already developed [14]. This evidence concerns the gene APOE and atherosclerosis.