When using the deviation of the measured volume from the expected volume according to body fat mass, with positive and negative values corresponding to hypertrophy and hyperplasia, respectively, this marker of adipocyte morphology was independent of sex and body weight and correlated positively with fasting plasma insulin levels and insulin resistance, irrespective of adipocyte size, and negatively with total adipocyte numbers [41]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.