Differential expressed gene and pathway analysis of vehicle-treated tumor epithelial cells revealed the intrinsic heterogeneity of tumor cells: TC3 tumor cells were enriched in KRAS signaling, IL6/JAK/STAT signaling, and IFN responses; TC4 tumor cells were enriched in epithelial mesenchymal transition and hypoxia pathways; while TC5 tumor cells were enriched in cell proliferation pathways, TNFα signaling, IL2/STAT5 signaling, and Wnt-β catenin signaling pathways (Supplementary Fig. S4C; Supplementary Tables S1–S3). This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and neoplasm.