In addition to epithelial/tumor cells, nonmalignant TME cell groups were identified comprised of immune cells including T cells (Cd3), B cells (Cd19), myeloid cells (Cd68), neutrophils (S100a8, S100a9), mast cells (Tpsab1, Cpa3), stromal cells including endothelial cells (Plvap), and CAFs (Dcn, Col1a1; Fig. 3B). Here, COL1A1 is linked to neoplasm.