To further ensure the regulation of SPP1 in HCC, three other independent GEO datasets were utilized to explore the expression of SPP1 in HCC tissue (GSE121248, p=3E-07; GSE121248, p= 2.22E-16; GSE45267, p= 0.0099; Fig. 3A-C). Here, SPP1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.