TGFB1 and neoplasm: These abnormal vessels elevate the interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) that increases transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) production from local fibroblasts (Swartz and Lund, 2012) or myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) which maintains an immature DC phenotype, stimulates proliferation of regulatory T cell (Tregs) (Ghiringhelli et al., 2005), and induces tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) M2-phenotype reprogramming via interleukin one receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-M expression (Standiford et al., 2011).