The result showed that, in IBD model group, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1, IL-8, IL-33 and TNF-α, TGF-β1 [28] were significantly increased while anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 [28] were decreased (all P < 0.05). Here, CXCL8 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.