CRP and cancer: Table 1 describes the baseline characteristics of participants according to quintiles of serum CysC concentrations. Participants with higher CysC concentrations were more likely to be older, males, current smokers, and have a higher Townsend deprivation index and BMI. In addition, they tended to have prevalent hypertension, diabetes, and CVD; they also had higher levels of CRP and LDL. The baseline characteristics of the subjects, stratified based on whether cancer death occurred, are presented in Supplementary Table S2.