The activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the ratio of reduced (GSH, glutathione) to oxidized (GSSG, glutathione disulfide) states (GSH/GSSG) were also decreased in both PHG patients and mice with PVL (Figure 7E, 7G, 7I). The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is periventricular leukomalacia.