The pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK (which inhibits caspase-1 and caspase-8 activation) was utilized, and we found that the presence or absence of Z-VAD-FMK induced high amounts of polymerized ASC and NLRP3 associated with FADD and GSDMD-N in the epithelial fractions of mice with PVL not treated with shFADD (Figure 9G). Here, CASP8 is linked to periventricular leukomalacia.