Western blotting analysis of representative ETC complex subunits revealed that the expression levels of NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A9 (NDUFA9), succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A (SDHA), cytochrome b (Cyt b), cyclooxygenase I (COX I) and alpha subunit of ATP synthase (ATP5A) were decreased in both PHG patients and mice with PVL (Figure 7E, 7F, 7H). Here, MT-CYB is linked to periventricular leukomalacia.