Unsupervised clustering defined 16 major cell populations, including M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, CD4+ T cells, exhausted CD8+ T cells, Treg, NKT cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, B cells, tumor cells, AFP+ tumor cells, EPCAM+ tumor cells, PON+ tumor cells, MKI67+ progenitor cells, myeloid cells, and hepatic stellate cells (Figure 3D). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.