This observation extends to six other genes (SOX5, CAV1, EPHX2, ITGA9, SLC8A1, and TBX5) (8, 10, 37) (N=660 German population, N=295 Turkish population, N=42,585 East Asian population, N=486 Caucasian population), where variants near the SOX5, CAV1, and TBX5 genes are identified in both the single and recurrent AF groups, and no variants near the EPHX2, ITGA9, and SLC8A1 genes are identified in any of the groups. The gene discussed is CAV1; the disease is atrial fibrillation.