Two of the recurrent AF genes also code for functions directly or indirectly linked to AF (CASQ2 and GOSR2), and some genes indicate a possible indirect link related to comorbidities, e.g., hypertension or malignancy (PPFIA4, USP34, WIPF1, SPATS2L, CAND2, and AOPEP). Here, USP34 is linked to atrial fibrillation.