Consistent with the strong anti-oxidant effects of these polyphenols in T2DM, we found that N-p-CO treatment significantly increased the activity of GSH-PX, SOD and GSH in both HG/PA-induced HL-7702 cells and HFD/STZ-induced mice, indicating a lowered degree of the hydroxyl free radical production induced by N-p-CO. Here, SOD1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.