Moreover, the mRNA levels of CD86 and acute inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ significantly increased in all TAA-intervened mice, especially in the Lrrk2−/−-HE mice (p < 0.05) (Fig. 5D and Supplementary Fig. 3A). Here, TNF is linked to hereditary elliptocytosis.