U-iPSC lines have been established using urine from patients with NDDs, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental delay (DD), X-linked Renpenning syndrome (X-RSY), Down Syndrome, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and TMC1-related hereditary deafness [34, 104–107]. This evidence concerns the gene TMC1 and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.