PTGS2 and arthritic joint disease: Prior studies show that during arthritis, Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), and 18 S ribosomal RNA play key roles in promoting inflammation by inducing the NF-κβ pathway [1, 30].