AGAP2 and glioblastoma: A query using all these neoloop-associated genes in DisGeNET48 returned a strong enrichment for characteristic glioma and GBM programs (Fig. 2e), including genes with a high disease specificity index, like SYF2 or AGAP2. Notably, neoloops sustained significantly higher expression of their associated genes in a GSC-specific manner (Fig. 2f–h; with a cutoff of log2(TPM + 1) > 0), which contributes to inter-patient transcriptional heterogeneity.