First, a long-standing dilemma in NUT carcinoma research is that although the disease is strongly associated with chromosome translocation events that induce the expression of NUTM1 fusion genes such as BRD4::NUTM1, the ectopic expression of the fusion genes in non-NC cells is unequivocally cytotoxic (2, 24). Here, BRD4 is linked to nut midline carcinoma.