FGF23 and secondary hyperparathyroidism: Previous studies have demonstrated that not only traditional CVD risk factors but also CKD-related factors, including disorders in calcium-phosphate metabolism, secondary hyperparathyroidism, dysregulation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), chronic inflammation, anemia, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and homocysteinemia, are associated with CVD in these patients [3–5].