Anti-inflammatory biological agents, including but not limited to TNF-α inhibitors (e.g., Adalimumab and Etanercept), IL-1 inhibitors (e.g., canakinumab), and IL-6 inhibitors (e.g., Tocilizumab), have been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory diseases. Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.