In an animal model, Wnt inhibitors such as Dickkopf WNT signalling pathway inhibitor 1 (Dkk1) and Protein kinase C-ζ (PKC-ζ) exacerbate DICT.10,11 These studies show that adult cardiomyocytes, normal cells, are also subject to the DOX avoidance strategy used in cancer. This evidence concerns the gene DKK1 and cancer.