TGFA and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: It has been previously reported that genes associated with cell cycle and epithelial mesenchymal transition pathways are affected the most in HNSCCs, with the dysregulation dependent on the anatomic site of the tumor.20 Dysregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression is associated with various solid tumors, and overexpression of EGFR and TGF-α is correlated with poor survival in patients in HNSCC.21 Understanding the genetic changes in between HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC may allow us to find distinct altered pathways that can be targeted for therapy.