ALB and neoplasm: Studies have shown that neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), albumin (ALB) levels and systemic immunoinflammatory index (SII) are linked to survival rates among tumor patients (Aslan et al. 2023; Cao et al. 2023; Huai et al. 2023; Mallardo et al. 2023; Muhammed et al. 2021; Pan et al. 2023; Zheng et al. 2023a).