Astrocytes from MS patients with rs7665090 risk variant have a higher level of NF-κB dimers p50 and p65 after treatment with a combination of TNF-α and IL-1β with or without IFN-γ, which up-regulates NF-κB downstream genes, particularly complement component 3, a marker of astrocyte toxic phenotype (43). Here, TNF is linked to myeloid sarcoma.