Oncostatin M (OSM), which originates from GAMs, activates STAT3 through its interaction with oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) or leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor (LIFR) subunit alpha and with GP130 on GBM cells, prompting the transformation of GBM cells into mesenchymal subtypes in vitro and in vivo [306, 307]. The gene discussed is OSMR; the disease is glioblastoma.