Taken together, we suggest an IL-21R-STAT1-c-Jun/c-Fos-IgA regulatory pathway (Fig. 6G): IL-21R is increased in MASH-driven HCC, resulting in upregulation of phosphorylated STAT1, which acts as a co-activator of c-Jun/c-Fos. This evidence concerns the gene STAT1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.