CD4 and lung carcinoma: In addition, 0.05 mg/kg− 1.h− 1 naloxone has been shown to reduce the incidence and severity of perioperative nausea, vomiting, and pain [18], and this dose could also reduce postoperative complications of lung cancer surgery by modulating the function of immune cells, such as CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratios and macrophages [19].