The levels of PD-1/CD80 were markedly enhanced on activated T-cell-derived sEVs (aT-sEV) when compared to sEVs derived from nonactivated T cells, but PD-1/CD80 was barely detected in sEVs from epithelial tumour cells (E-sEV) (Supplementary Fig. 2c). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.