To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the roles of IFN-γ and aT-sEV PD-1/CD80 in regulating tumour sEV secretion, sEVs derived from tumour cells treated with IFN-γ or aT-sEVs were collected for mass spectrometry (Supplementary Fig. 6a). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.