The results revealed that, unlike the dramatically decreased level of tumour cell surface PD-L1 induced by aT-sEVs, IFN-γ significantly increased the level of tumour cell surface PD-L1 (Supplementary Fig. 6h), suggesting that IFN-γ and aT-sEVs might function in different ways. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is neoplasm.