Immune-related proteins were first analysed, and we revealed that IFN-γ increased not only tumour cell PD-L1 but also antigen peptide transporter 1 (TAP1), HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C and ICAM-1 (Fig. 5e), indicating strong adhesion and enhanced immunogenicity. Here, ICAM1 is linked to neoplasm.