ABCA3 and interstitial lung disease: Patients present with heterogeneous phenotypes ranging from severe and fatal neonatal respiratory distress (surfactant protein (SP)-B and the intracellular transporter ABCA3) to chILD (SP-C, ABCA3) or adult forms of FPF (SP-C, ABCA3) with or without adenocarcinoma of the lung (SP-A1, SP-A2) (Fig. 1)16, 17, 18, 19 This Position Paper will not specifically detail the genetic causes of ILD that have notably been the subject of a recent ERS statement,4 but rather highlight and discuss what could be the future direction of in vitro studies and clinical trials for patients and their relatives.