The same trend continued when using the marginal structural Cox model with inverse probability weighting and adjusting for baseline confounders, time-dependent 5-α reductase inhibitor use, and PSA result (prostate cancer: HR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.17; ISUP grade 1 prostate cancer: HR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.33; model 3) (Table 3). The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is prostate carcinoma.