Therefore, in our study, the repeated exposure, inherent to PfSPZ-CVac [CQ], could explain (a) the higher induction of CD56+ γδ T cells associated with protection and (b) the decrease in the placebo group in the frequency of IFN-γ– or TNF-producing CD56+ γδ T cells in response to malaria antigens in vitro on d11 after CHMI. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is malaria.