TNF and hydrops fetalis: Zhang et al. (92) found that astragaloside can reduce the levels of inflammatory factors, such as IL-6, IL-1, and TNF-α, by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB/PPAR α signaling pathway, thus improving cardiac function and cardiomyocyte viability, and alleviating myocardial injury in HF with midrange EF (HFmrEF) mouse model induced by LPS.