The IPC group had significantly higher PSA levels compared to the BPH group, and among the IPC group, the patients with high-grade IPC had higher PSA levels compared to low-grade IPC patients (p=0.003), as most of the patients with high-grade IPC (46.7%) had PSA levels of more than 10 ng/mL in comparison to 13.6% and 24% in BPH and low-grade IPC patients, respectively. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.