TNF and neoplasm: Intravenous injection of modified and attenuated strain of Salmonella typhimurium, defective in ppGpp synthesis (ΔppGpp) (7), a facultatively anaerobic bacteria that can colonize normoxic and hypoxic tissues, results in its intratumoral accumulation and inflammasome activation (19), with abundant secretion of the inflammatory cytokines IL1 beta, secreted after activation of TLR4 (Toll like receptor 4) with lipopolysaccharide, IL18 and TNF alpha, which suppress tumor growth.