First, western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of PD‐L1 and TGF‐β were upregulated in MB49 and 4T1 tumor cells following RT, whereas those cells pre‐treated with IR‐TAM@Alb exhibited a sustained reduction in PD‐L1 and TGF‐β expression compared to the control group (Figure 3A–F). Here, ALB is linked to neoplasm.