TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: The proinflammatory properties of mtDNA may also depend on its oxidative damage [48], which stimulates the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase- Stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway to enhance the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), cytokines that are targets in the treatment of RA [10, 20, 49].