IGF1 and urinary bladder cancer: Subsequently, a novel prognostic signature for bladder cancer patients was developed utilizing LASSO-COX analysis, focusing on 10 MAPK pathway-related prognostic genes (NRTN, RAC3, JUN, IGF1, DUSP2, MAP3K8, PDGFD, MAP3K20, PTPRR, and PDGFRA).