As complement to inherent limitations of the used snRNA-seq from PROMIX trial method46 for depicting immune and stromal cells (seen in Supplementary results, Supplementary Fig. 17), we conducted additional analyses mainly on metabolic profiles within immune and stromal cells using HER2-negative subset of breast cancer single-cell atlas dataset (GSE176078) (Fig. 7a)41. Here, ERBB2 is linked to breast cancer.