TPI1 and breast carcinoma: In order to establish our experimental set of HER2-negative human breast cancer cell lines, we used publicly available cell line transcriptomic data (Supplementary Fig. 19a), and observed that baseline expression of three of these metabolic-related genes (i.e. RLP5, TPI1, ALDOA) was most commonly upregulated in the following breast cancer cell lines: MDA-MB-231 & BT549 (basal-like subtype), MCF7 and T47D (luminal subtype).