CDA and triple-negative breast carcinoma: Gemcitabine, a chemotherapeutic treatment for pancreatic, bladder and metastatic triple-negative breast cancers, can be transported into the cytoplasm of Gammaproteobacteria (class) using nucleoside transporter (NupC), where it gets inactivated by bacterial cytidine deaminase (Geller et al. 2017; Gallagher et al. 2022; Yang et al. 2023b).