GAPDH and fetal growth restriction: We identified the hub genes associated with PE, namely, PTGS2, ENG, KIT, MME, CGA, GAPDH, GPX3, P4HA1, PTGS2, FGF7, FGF10, IL10, SPP1, MPO, THBS1, CYBB, and PF4, in the case of PE + IUGR, which is essential for managing the challenge of PTB.