The set of PE + IUGR DEGs was mostly enriched in GO terms such as response to hypoxia, regulation of organelle organization, regulation of receptor internalization, cell recognition, synaptic transmission, glutamatergic, positive regulation of type II interferon production, and the JNK cascade and in KEGG pathways such as the apelin signaling pathway and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Here, APLN is linked to fetal growth restriction.