However, under the PE + IUGR condition, 262 genes were upregulated, 525 were downregulated, and the top genes included SLAMF1, QPCT, NTRK2, PNCK, ENG, HEXB, MYO7B, LOC102723566, PROCR, CLDN9 and FSTL3 (Table 2; Supplementary Table S2). This evidence concerns the gene CLDN9 and fetal growth restriction.