INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: With the aim to better characterize the physiology of growth in children with T1DM, this study investigated: (i) the baseline serum concentrations of pappalysins and stanniocalcins upon diagnosis; (ii) the effect of insulin treatment on these factors; and (iii) the possible correlation with members of the GH/IGF axis, beta-cell insulin reserve, auxology, and nutrition status.