Immune-inflamed, or immunologically ‘hot’ tumors, can be characterized by genomic instability, PD-L1 overexpression, increased IFN-γ signaling, a TME enriched in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and preexisting antitumor immune responses (Hegde et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2023). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.