PINK1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The results showed there were no significant differences in PINK1 levels between male and female participants (Figure 4A), overweight status (Chinese BMI classification; Pan et al., 2021, underweight was defined as <18.5, normal weight as 18.5–24, overweight as 24–28, and obesity as ≥28, Figure 4B), smoker or not (Figure 4E), as well as cognition impairment in the three groups (Figure 4I).