Of these, 69 were excluded due to refusal to undergo IV-tPA (n = 5), posterior circulation ischemic stroke (n = 9), decease within 3 days of symptom onset (n = 10), referral to another hospital (n = 6), pre-existing pneumonia or active infection prior to admission (n = 5), ICH occurred after IV-tPA administration within 24 h (n = 12), and missing brain NCCT data (n = 22). Here, PLAT is linked to pneumonia.