Dioscin can promote human endometrial cancer cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, including Bax expression upregulation, Bcl-2 expression downregulation, ROS level increase, caspase 9/3 (in caspase family of cysteine proteases) activation, mitochondrial membrane permeability reduction, and, ultimately, OMM rupture and apoptosis. The gene discussed is CTSB; the disease is endometrial cancer.