Because the C1q molecule, which is overexpressed on cancer cells, and gC1qR, which is expressed on tumor infiltrating T cells, have the potential to function in a manner similar to the PD-L1 and PD-1 checkpoint inhibition, the C1q-gC1qR axis is emerging as an important novel target for the development of therapy against most if not all cancer cells. This evidence concerns the gene C1QBP and neoplasm.