By recruiting Y-Box Binding Protein 1 (YBX1) to the Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 1 (TGFBR1) promoter, RMRP activates the TGFBR1/Smad2/Smad3 signaling pathway, accelerating the proliferation and invasion of NSCLC, and increasing resistance to therapeutic interventions [86]. Here, YBX1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.