Studies also highlight the significant impact of Tmu on the colonic immune response in the mice it colonizes.4Tmu stimulates Th1 and Th17 immunity through IL-18, which is triggered by the host’s epithelial inflammasome, thereby offering substantial protection against mucosal bacterial infections.4 However, Tmu colonization in mice has also been associated with increased risk of inflammatory diseases and cancer, aligning with research indicating that the IL-18 receptor may elevate the risk of IBD and cancer in humans. This evidence concerns the gene IL18 and cancer.